Big Data from Space refers to the massive spatiotemporal Earth and Space observation data from a variety of sensors – ranging from ground-based to space-borne – and the synergetic use of data from other sources. This domain is currently facing sharp development with numerous new initiatives and breakthroughs from intelligent sensors’ networks to data science application. These developments are empowering new approaches and applications in various and diverse domains influencing life on earth and societal aspects, from sensing cities, monitoring human settlements and urban areas to climate change and security.